Engineering Success

ENGINEERING SUCCESS

Our final device is simple. Getting there was not.

Our engineering process was not a straight line. We tested different approaches, encountered unexpected problems, and changed our design as we learned more about DEHP, bacterial sequestration, and controlled release.

Explore Our Journey

Every decision changed the design.

We began with a simple question: how can we remove DEHP from the environment surrounding pregnant mothers? From there, our design evolved through a series of engineering decisions.

Instead of treating each experiment as an isolated result, we used what we learned from one stage to determine what we should try next. Some approaches worked. Others revealed problems that forced us to rethink our system.

This page follows those decisions from our original concept to the final Pillinator design.

01 Design
02 Build
03 Test
04 Learn

From problem to Pillinator.

Follow the major engineering decisions that shaped our final design.

01

WHERE WE STARTED

The first architecture

We began by defining the DEHP problem and considering three possible strategies: sequestration, degradation, and aggregation.

Explore →
02

GATE 1

Capture vs. degradation

EstS1 and MphG1 introduced a major question: was degrading DEHP actually better than simply capturing and removing it?

DECISION: Capture and remove
03

GATE 2

Protein engineering vs. bacterial sequestration

We evaluated several proteins before asking whether the bacterium itself could provide the DEHP-binding system we needed.

DECISION: Let the bacterium bind DEHP
04

GATE 3

Membrane engineering vs. natural sequestration

We investigated whether modifying the bacterial membrane would improve DEHP sequestration or introduce unnecessary complexity.

DECISION: Leave the membrane alone
05

THE PILLINATOR

Solving the residence-time problem

Capturing DEHP was only part of the challenge. We also needed our engineered bacteria to remain where they were needed long enough to work.

Meet the Pillinator →
06

BUILDING THE SYSTEM

From design to biological devices

We developed Devices 4–9, selected targets, evaluated promoters, ordered DNA, and troubleshot our builds.

See the build →
07

MODELING

Testing ideas before the lab

Computational modeling helped us investigate our designs and understand how our biological components could interact.

Explore modeling →
08

TESTING

Does the system work?

We tested the pieces of our design through binding, partitioning, adhesion, and sensor experiments.

See our testing →
09

FINAL DESIGN

The Pillinator

Our final system brings together the chassis, capture mechanism, actuator, and trigger into one engineered solution.

See the final design →
10

LOOKING FORWARD

Roads not taken

Not every approach became part of our final design. These experiments still taught us what our system needed to become.

Future work →

Engineering was not about finding the first solution that worked.

It was about figuring out why our first ideas were not enough, and using those failures to build something better.